Throughout the era of Western imperialism in Asia, Siam remained the only nation in the region to avoid colonization by foreign powers, although it was often forced to make territorial, trade and legal concessions in unequal treaties. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, the first monarch of the current Chakri dynasty. Taksin quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. Ayutthaya reached its peak during the 18th century, until it was destroyed in the Burmese–Siamese War. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, which became a regional power by the end of the 15th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 6th to 11th century. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea it also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. With a population of almost 70 million, it spans 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi). Thailand ( Thai: ประเทศไทย) ( / ˈ t aɪ l æ n d, - l ə n d/, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam ( / s aɪ ˈ æ m, ˈ s aɪ æ m/), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. You may need rendering support to display the Thai text in this article correctly.
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